CURRICULUM VITAE
ROBERT SCHMIDT, M.D.

OFFICE ADDRESS:
750 Eighth Avenue, Suite 400
Fort Worth, Texas 76104
(817) 877-3432
Fax (817) 877-0207

PRESENTATIONS:
"Principals of Minimally Invasive Unicompartmental Knee Replacement." Principals in Unicompartmental and Tricompartmental Knee Replacement, Medical Education Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, May 1, 2003.

"Principals of Total Knee Arthroplasty and the Medial Pivot Concept." Principals in Unicompartmental and Tricompartmental Knee Replacement, Medical Education Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, May 1, 2003.

"Revision Knee Arthroplasty for Metal-Metal Wear: Mid-Term Results." Poster presentation, 70th Annual American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 5-9, 2003.

"Patient Considerations and Indications for Uni-Compartmental Knee Replacement."
Techniques in Total Joint Replacement: Unicompartmental Knee/Total Shoulder. Wright Medical Technology. Memphis, Tennessee, October 11, 2002.

Moderator for "Uni-Compartmental Knee Replacement Surgical Skills Demonstration.
Techniques in Total Joint Replacement: Unicompartmental Knee/Total Shoulder." Wright Medical Technology. Memphis, Tennessee, October 11, 2002.

"The Medial Pivot Knee Design." The Society for Arthritic Joint Surgery 16th Annual Meeting. Vicksburg, Mississippi, October 3-6, 2002.

"Common Techniques & Pitfalls in Primary Acetabular Reconstruction." Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Forum. HealthStream Education Design. Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 27-28, 2002.

"Balancing Collateral Ligaments in Total Knee Replacement." Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Forum. HealthStream Education Design. Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 27-28, 2002.

"Fluoroscopic Evaluation of the Medial-Pivot TKA."
Kohler Joint Symposium. Kohler, Wisconsin, June 20, 2002.

"Uni-Compartmental Knee Replacement – Design Rationale and Instrumentation."
Kohler Joint Symposium. Kohler, Wisconsin, June 20, 2002.

"Revision TKA–Clinical Techniques."
Kohler Joint Symposium. Kohler, Wisconsin, June 20, 2002.

"Medial Pivot Knee: Mid-Term Results and Fluoroscopic Analysis." Techniques in Total Joint Replacement. Wright Medical Technology. Memphis, Tennessee, April 13, 2002.

"Patient Considerations and Indications for Uni-Compartmental Knee Replacement." Techniques in Total Joint Replacement: Uni-Compartmental/Primary/Revision Knee. Wright Medical Technology. Memphis, Tennessee, April 12, 2002.

"Balancing the Collateral Ligaments in Knee Arthroplasty Surgery." Orthopedic Grand Rounds, Fort Worth Affiliated Hospitals Orthopedic Residency Program. Fort Worth, Texas, January 29, 2002.

"Balancing the Collateral Ligaments in Primary Total Knee Replacement Surgery." Advances in Total Joint Arthroplasty. Winter 2002 Clinical Course. Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine. Atlantis Resort, Bahamas, January 24-26, 2002.

"A Bone Conserving Posterior Cruciate Substituting Knee: The Medial Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty Early Results and Clinical Impressions." Advances in Total Joint Arthroplasty. Winter 2002 Clinical Course. Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine. Atlantis Resort, Bahamas, January 24-26, 2002.

"Fluoroscopic Studies of the Medial Pivot Knee." Course Chairman. 2001 Summer Clinical Course. Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Vail, Colorado, August 24-25, 2001.

"Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Technical Guide." Course Chairman. 2001 Summer Clinical Course. Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Vail, Colorado, August 24-25, 2001.

"Principles of Total Knee Arthroplasty and the Medial Pivot Concept." Techniques in Total Joint Replacement: Primary/Revision Knee. Wright Medical Technology. Memphis, Tennessee, June 29, 2001.

"Balancing the Valgus Knee." Techniques in Total Joint Replacement: Primary/Revision Knee. Wright Medical Technology. Memphis, Tennessee, June 29, 2001.

"In-Vivo Determination of Knee Kinematics for Subjects with a Posterior Cruciate Retaining and Medial-Pivot TKA." 5th Congress of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Effort, Rhodes, Greece, June 3-7, 2001.

"The Medial Pivot Knee: Fluoroscopic and Clinical Results." Spring Joint Symposium. Kohler, Wisconsin, May 31-June 1, 2001.

"Primary Total Knee Replacement." Spring Joint Symposium. Kohler, Wisconsin, May 31-June 1, 2001.

"Revision TKA–ADVANCE Clinical Techniques." Spring Joint Symposium. Kohler, Wisconsin, May 31-June 1, 2001.

"Techniques of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty." Grand Rounds, John Peter Smith Orthopedic Residency Program, Harris Methodist Fort Worth Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, January 30, 2001.

"The Medial Pivot Knee: Does This Design Really Work?" Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. 2000 Early Fall Clinical Course. West Virginia University School of Medicine. Naples, Florida, October 6-7, 2000.

"Revision Total Knee Prostheses: What Are Your Options?" Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. 2000 Early Fall Clinical Course. West Virginia University School of Medicine. Naples, Florida, October 6-7, 2000.

"Ligament Balancing in the Valgus Total Knee Arthroplasty." 47th Annual Mid-Central States Orthopaedic Society and 31st Annual Missouri State Orthopaedic Association Meeting, Branson, Missouri, June 8-11, 2000.

"Cementless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteoporotic Femoral Bone." Otto E. Aufranc Fellowship Reunion, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, May 20, 2000.

"Medial-Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty; Design Rationale and Preliminary Results."
South Carolina Orthopedic Society Meeting. Spartansburg, South Carolina, April 28, 2000.

"Design Considerations in Total Knee Arthroplasty." Harris Grand Rounds, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, January 25, 2000.

"The Medial Pivot Knee Design: Early Clinical Results and Fluoroscopic Studies." Advances in Total Joint Arthroplasty, Winter 2000 Clinical Course, Snowmass, Colorado, January 14, 2000.

"Primary Cementless Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteoporotic Bone." 14th Annual Meeting of The Society for Arthritic Joint Surgery. Yosemite National Park, California, October 14-17, 1999.

"Cementless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteoporotic Femoral Bone." University of Virginia Orthopaedic Alumni Meeting, Charlottesville, Virginia, October 8-9, 1999.

"Tying the Gordian Knot: A Medical and Ethical Analysis of Authority, Power, and Responsibility with Regard to Non-Beneficial, Unreasonable, and Futile Therapies."
Harris Methodist Fort Worth Hospital Ethics Symposium, Fort Worth, Texas (with Sherwin Nuland, M.D., October 5, 1999.

"Balancing the Valgus Knee." Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Early Fall Clinical Course, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, September 24-26, 1999.

"The Medial Pivot Knee Design: Early Clinical Results and Fluoroscopic Studies." Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Early Fall Clinical Course, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, September 24-26, 1999.

"Current Techniques and Pitfalls in Acetabular Reconstruction." Knees and Tees: Evolving Technologies and Techniques in Total Joint Replacement. Education Design. Castle Rock, Colorado, August 30, 1999.

"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasties." Knees and Tees: Evolving Technologies and Techniques in Total Joint Replacement. Education Design. Castle Rock, Colorado, August 30, 1999.

"Advances in Posterior Cruciate Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty." Knees and Tees: Evolving Technologies and Techniques in Total Joint Replacement. Education Design. Castle Rock, Colorado, August 30, 1999.

"Advances in Posterior Cruciate Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty." Total Knee Replacement in the Year 2000. Sponsored by Wright Medical Technology, Sherman Oaks, California, July 10, 1999.

"Common Techniques and Pitfalls in Acetabular Reconstruction." Louis J. Levy Symposium on Orthopedic Surgery. Harris Methodist Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, June 28, 1999.

"The Use of the Epicondylar Axis in Total Knee Arthroplasty." A Multifaceted Look at Knee Kinematics from the Surgeons View. University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, Arkansas, June 10, 1999.

"To Sacrifice or Not to Sacrifice the Posterior Cruciate Ligament." A Multifaceted Look at Knee Kinematics from the Surgeons View. University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, Arkansas, June 10, 1999.

"The Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Prosthetic Hip Infections." Current Issues in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Education Design. Austin, Texas, May 21-23, 1999.

"Decision Making in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Acetabular Reconstruction." Current Issues in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Education Design. Austin, Texas, May 21-23-1999.

"Current Controversies in Cemented Hip Design." Total Knee, Hip, and Shoulder Arthroplasty. SulzerMedica Orthopedic Workshop. The Pinehurst Resort and Country Club in the Village of Pinehurst, North Carolina, April 15-17, 1999.

"The Role of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Knee Replacement Surgery." John Peter Smith Hospital, Orthopedic Department, Grand Rounds. Fort Worth, Texas, March 30, 1999.

"Current Controversies in Cemented Hip Design." Course Hip Co-Chairman and Moderator for "Revision Surgery Techniques" and "Revision THR." Outcomes in Orthopaedic Surgery: Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Education Design. Vail, Colorado, March 17-21, 1999.

"Current Controversies in Cemented Hip Design." Hip and Knee Replacement for the 21st Century. Scottsdale, Arizona, November 12, 1998.

"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Infected Total Hip Replacement." Hip and Knee Replacement for the 21st Century. Scottsdale, Arizona, November 12, 1998.

"The Use of Extensively Porous Coated Femoral Prostheses in Revision Hip Replacement Surgery." Hip and Knee Replacement for the 21st Century. Scottsdale, Arizona, November 15, 1998.

"Challenges in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Panel Discussion." Panel Participant. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. New Orleans, Louisiana, March 20, 1998.

"The Effect of Femoral Component Design on the Incidence of Patellar Clunk in Primary Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty." Scientific Exhibit Presentation. Authors: William J. Maloney, M.D.; Thomas P. Sculco, M.D.; Murali Jasty, M.D.; Robert Schmidt, M.D.; Russell E. Windsor, M.D.; and Brad L. Penenberg, M.D. Presented at the Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1998.

"The Indications and Design Rationale for the Use of Primary Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Implants." Advances in Joint Arthroplasty. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, March 14, 1998.

"Let's Do a Total Hip Arthroplasty (Quickly)." Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Section. Panel Participant. Controversies in Clinical Management in Hip and Knee Reconstruction. Vail, Colorado, February 21, 1998.

"The Effect of Femoral Component Design on the Incidence of Patellar Clunk in Primary Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty." Authors: William J. Maloney, M.D.; Thomas P. Sculco, M.D.; Murali Jasty, M.D.; Robert Schmidt, M.D.; Russell E. Windsor, M.D.; and Brad L. Penenberg, M.D. The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Fall Meeting. Dallas, Texas, November 7-9, 1997.

"Substituting the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery." Early Fall Clinical Course in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Sponsored by Columbia Hospital. Palm Beach, Florida, September 26-27, 1997.

"Clinical Results with a New Posterior-Stabilized Knee Prosthesis." Early Fall Clinical Course in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Sponsored by Columbia Hospital. Palm Beach, Florida, September 26-27, 1997.

"Surgical Management of Hip and Knee Pain." A Free Public Forum sponsored by Columbia Plaza Medical Center. Estates on Lake Granbury, Granbury, Texas, May 10, 1997.

"Primary Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty." 1997 Napa Valley International Orthopaedic Symposium. Silverado Resort, February 17-18, 1997.

"Does Anatomic Femoral Component Really Improve Patellar Tracking?" Presented by Robert Schmidt, M.D. The Society for Arthritic Joint Surgery 11th Annual Meeting, Longboat Key, Florida, October 24-27, 1996

"Arthritis of the Hip: Medical and Surgical Management." Presented by Dan Axthelm, M.D., and Robert Schmidt, M.D. Columbia Plaza Medical Center Public Forum, Fort Worth, Texas, June 22, 1996.

"Total Joint Replacement of the Hip and Knee." Harris Methodist Fort Worth Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, February 28, 1996.

"Advances in Total Joint Arthroplasty." Park City, Utah, January 18, 1996.

"The Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Total Knee Arthroplasty: Save or Sacrifice?" Tarrant County Orthopedic Society, Fort Worth, Texas, October 10, 1995.

"The Unresurfaced Patella." Early Fall Clinical Course in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Braselton, Georgia, September 15-16, 1995.

"Sacrificing the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in Total Knee Replacement Surgery." Early Fall Clinical Course in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Current Issues, Concepts, and Considerations. Braselton, Georgia, September 15-16, 1995.

"The Indications for Total Joint Replacement Surgery in the Arthritic Patient." Arthritis Awareness Day II, Sponsored by the Northwest Texas Chapter of the Arthritic Foundation. Tarrant County Convention Center, Fort Worth, Texas, May 20, 1995.

"Principles of Acetabular Revision." Orthopedic Grand Rounds. University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, December 9, 1994.

"The Modified Lateral Approach in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty." Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: The Cost Equation. Scottsdale, Arizona, November 2-6, 1994.

"Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Cost Analysis." Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: The Cost Equation. Scottsdale, Arizona, November 2-6, 1994.

"Osteolysis: Particulate Debris and Issues of Polyethylene Wear." Practical Approaches to Cost Containment : Surgical Solutions for You and Your Administrator. Course Chairman. Barton Creek Resort, Austin, Texas, September 23-24, 1994.

"Acetabular Reconstruction: Primary and Revision Hip Arthroplasty and Prosthesis Selection." Practical Approaches to Cost Containment: Surgical Solutions for You and Your Administrator. Course Chairman. Barton Creek Resort, Austin, Texas, September 23-24, 1994.

"Poly Wear: Causes and Solutions." Design and Materials Issues: Considerations in Implant Selection, Primary Knee Session. Kansas City, Missouri, September 9, 1994.

"Cementless Acetabular Component Selection – Materials and Design Considerations." Design and Materials Issues: Considerations in Implant Selection, Primary Hip Session. Kansas City, Missouri, September 9, 1994.

"Common Principles and Techniques of Acetabular Reconstruction." Primary Total Hip Replacement: Concepts and Demonstration of Technique. The Anderson Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, June 23, 1994.

"Osteolysis: The Implant Problem of the '90s." Primary Total Knee Replacement: Concepts and Demonstration of Technique. The Anderson Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, June 24, 1994.

"Matching the Acetabular Component to Meet the Patient's Lifestyle." Issues in Orthopaedic Implant Technology. Issue: Component Selection. Keystone, Colorado, April 5-10, 1994.

"Femoral Defects: Identification/Classification." Issues in Orthopaedic Implant Technology. Issue: Classification and Treatments in Revision Arthroplasty. Keystone, Colorado, April 5-10, 1994.

"A Material Solution." Issues in Orthopaedic Implant Technology. Issue: Osteolysis. Keystone, Colorado, April 5-10, 1994.

"Current Issues in Total Joint Replacements." 2nd Annual Biomaterials Forum. Amelia Island, Florida, March 25, 1994.

"All Polyethylene." 2nd Annual Biomaterials Forum. Amelia Island, Florida, March 25, 1994.

"Matching the Acetabular Component to the Patient." Total Joint Arthroplasty: Addressing Today's Concerns. Marathon, Florida, January 14-15, 1994.

"Acetabular Exposure Utilizing the Anterior Approach." Total Joint Arthroplasty: Addressing Today's Concerns. Marathon, Florida, January 14-15, 1994.

"Poly Wear: A Material Solution." Total Joint Arthroplasty: Addressing Today's Concerns. Marathon, Florida, January 14-15, 1994.

"New Polymers for Old!" Current Concepts in Joint Replacement. Orlando, Florida, December 16-18, 1993.

"Septic Arthritis: A Contraindication to Joint Replacement Surgery?" The Society for Arthritic Joint Surgery Annual Meeting. Cancun, Mexico, November 4-7, 1993.

"Hip Replacement and Knee Replacement Surgery in the Arthritic Patient." Arthritis Awareness Day. Tarrant County Convention Center, Fort Worth, Texas, July 31, 1993.

"Matching the Implant to the Patient." The Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty meeting. Jeckyll Island, Georgia, June 3-6, 1993.

"Removing a Cemented/Cementless Component." The Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty meeting. Jeckyll Island, Georgia, June 3-6, 1993.

"Osteolysis: A Surgeon's Perspective." Total Knee, Hip, and Shoulder Arthroplasty: Intermedics Orthopedics, Inc. Workshop and Seminar. Las Colinas, Texas, April 29-May 1, 1993.

"Clinical Indication of Hylamer-M Polymer." Bearing Interfaces: The Issue of Tibial Bearing Destruction. Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, April 24, 1993.

"Acetabular Reconstruction, Implant Selection, and Applied Surgical Technique." Orthopaedic Update. Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, April 22-25, 1993.

"Clinical Experience and Results Using Cementless Acetabular Components." Total Hip and Total Knee Replacement. The Woodlands, Texas, April 16-17, 1993.

"Arthritis Rehabilitation." Seminar sponsored by the Fort Worth Rehabilitation Hospital and the Rehabilitation Center at HCA Medical Plaza Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, April 25, 1992.

"Late Manipulation of the Knee Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of 31 Cases." American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 59th Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C., February 20-25, 1992.

"The Use of the Epicondylar Axis in the Alignment of Total Knee Arthroplasty." AuFranc Alumni Meeting. New England Baptist Hospital. Boston, Massachusetts, October 5, 1991.

"Extensor Mechanism." Midwest Regional Workshop/Seminar. Intermedics Orthopedics, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, May 30-June 1, 1991.

"Double Contrast Computed Tomography of the Shoulder." Arthur H. Newburg, M.D., Steven M. Wetzer, M.D., and Robert Schmidt, M.D. Presented to the Fifty-third Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. New Orleans, Louisiana, February 1986.

"Revision of Failed Total Hip Replacements." Robert Schmidt, M.D. Presented to the Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Orthopaedic Physicians' Assistants. Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, July 1985.

"Protrusio Acetabuli Prosthetica: Assessment and Reconstructive Techniques." Robert Schmidt, M.D., and David C. Morley, Jr., M.D. Founders' Award Paper. Presented to the 15th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Orthopaedic Association. Acapulco, Mexico, October 1984.

"Protrusio Acetabuli Prosthetica." Robert Schmidt, M.D., and David C. Morley, Jr., M.D. Presented to the 8th Otto E. AuFranc Course in the Science of Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery. Boston, Massachusetts, April 5-7, 1984.

"Acquired Proximal Femoral Deficiencies." Robert Schmidt, M.D., and David C. Morley, Jr., M.D. Presented to the 8th Otto E. AuFranc Course in the Science of Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery. Boston, Massachusetts, April 1984.

"Radiographic Evaluation of the Painful Total Knee Replacement." Roderick H. Turner, M.D., Benjamin E. Bierbaum, M.D., Robert Schmidt, M.D., et al. Scientific Exhibit. Presented to the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Atlanta, Georgia, February 1984.

"Elbow Reconstruction in Advanced Rheumatoid Disease." Robert Schmidt, M.D. Presented to the University of Virginia, Department of Orthopedics. Grand Rounds, June 1983.

"Surface Replacement of the Hip. A Review of the University of Virginia Experience." Robert Schmidt, M.D., Sami Dughman, M.D., Gwo-Jaw Wang, M.D., and Robert McLaughlin, M.D. Presented to the 38th Meeting of the Virginia Orthopedic Society. Williamsburg, Virginia, May 1983.

"The Evaluation and Treatment of the Symptomatic Total Hip Replacement." Robert Schmidt, M.D. Presented to the University of Virginia, Department of Orthopedics. Grand Rounds, May 1983.

"The Anterior Cruciate-Deficient Knee." Robert Schmidt, M.D. Presented to the University of Virginia, Department of Orthopedics, Grand Rounds, November 1982.

"The Use of the Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer." Robert Schmidt, M.D., and James G. Chandler, M.D. Presented to the University of Virginia, General Surgery, Grand Rounds, March 1978.

PUBLICATIONS:

"Fluoroscopic Analyses of Cruciate-Retaining and Medial Pivot Knee Implants." By Robert Schmidt, M.D., Richard D. Komistek, Ph.D., J. David Blaha, M.D., Brad L. Penenberg, M.D., and William J. Maloney, M.D. Clin Orthop 410:139-147. 2003.

"Femoral Component Design and Patellar Clunk Syndrome." By William J. Maloney, M.D., Robert Schmidt, M.D., and Thomas P. Sculco, M.D. Clin Orthop 410:199-202. 2003."The Extensor Mechanism in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty." By Ajai Cadambi, M.D.. & Robert Schmidt, M.D. Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, 1997.

"Osteolysis: New Polymers and New Solutions." By Robert H. Schmidt, M.D. Orthopedics Vol 17(9): 817-818. September 1994.

"Late Manipulation of the Knee following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of 31 Cases." By Robert H. Schmidt, M.D. Orthopedics Today Vol 12(8): 30-31. August 1992.

"Protrusio Acetabuli Prosthetica." By David C. Morley, Jr., M.D., and Robert Schmidt, M.D. Orthopaedic Review Vol XV: 41-47. March 1986.

"Bipolar Prosthesis and Bone Grafting for Acetabular Insufficiency." By Robert Schmidt, M.D., and Richard D. Scott, M.D. Orthopaedic Consultation Vol 5: 7-12. November-December 1984.
"The Posterior Interspinous Fusion in the Treatment of Quadriplegia." By Richard Whitehill, M.D., and Robert Schmidt, M.D. Spine Vol. 8: 733-740. 1983.

"Some Ethical Considerations on Euthanasia in Medical Practice." By Robert Schmidt, M.D. Thoughtlines Vol 2(2). University of Virginia, 1976.